The first outbreak occurred simultaneously in 1967 in marburg, frankfurt, and belgrade with 31 human cases, 7 of which were. Marburg hf is caused by marburg virus, a genetically unique zoonotic or, animalborne rna virus of the filovirus family. Marburg virus disease mvd formerly known as marburg haemorrhagic fever was first identified in 1967 during epidemics in marburg and frankfurt in germany and belgrade in the former yugoslavia from importation of infected monkeys from uganda. Marburg hemorrhagic fever mhf is similar to the disease caused by ebola virus ebov. The disease is characterized by severe clinical symptoms such as high fever, diarrhoea and vomiting, and severe bleeding from most body openings. The largest mvd outbreak on record occurred in uige, angola, in 2005, with 227 deaths out of. Marburg virus disease mvd, formerly known as marburg haemorrhagic fever, is a severe, often fatal illness in humans. Ebola virus and marburg virus are related viruses that cause hemorrhagic fevers illnesses marked by severe bleeding hemorrhage, organ failure and, in many cases, death. Although this is a minor fraction, it constitutes a safety risk. European centre for disease prevention and control. Marburgvirus infections ebola and marburg virus disease, ebola and marburg hemorrhagic fever, african hemorrhagic fever in africa.
Report on the status of edpln bsl3 in select countries in. Most species of ebolaviruses and the only known species of marburgvirus occur in africa. Jun, 2017 marburg virus marv has caused outbreaks of filoviral hemorrhagic fever since its discovery in 1967. Marburg virus disease previously known as marburg haemorrhagic fever is a virulent disease caused by the marburg virus and has a high case fatality rate cfr that can range between 2580%. Marburg hemorrhagic fever marburg hf is a rare, severe type of hemorrhagic fever which affects both humans and nonhuman primates. Ebola characteristics and comparisons to other infectious diseases the current outbreak of ebola virus in west africa has been declared a public health emergency of international concern by the world health organization who and is the most severe such outbreak of ebola to date. Jan 24, 2020 there have been 12 known marburg virus disease mvd outbreaks, most recently in 2017 in uganda 3,4. The main clinical features were headache, high fever, diarrhoea, a very characteristic rash, severe bleeding tendency and involvement of the central nervous system. Marburg virus or simply marburg is the common name for the the genus of viruses marburgvirus, which contains one species, lake victoria marburgvirus. Later, severe, generalized bleeding dominates the clinical course. Guidance for collection, transport, and submission of specimens for ebola virus testing in the united states. It is an rna virus, superficially resembling rhabdoviruses but has bizarre branching and filamentous or tubular forms shared with no other known virus group on em. Reporting all suspect or probable cases of marburg virus disease must be immediately reported to the public health agency of canada through its 24hour emergency line. Both viruses are native to africa, where sporadic outbreaks have occurred for decades.
Ebola virus disease and marburg disease in pregnancy. Marburg hemorrhagic fever fact sheet pa department of health. There have been 12 known marburg virus disease mvd outbreaks, most recently in 2017 in uganda 3,4. Thirtyone people became ill, initially laboratory workers followed by several medical personnel and family members who had cared for them. Ebola virus causes the ebola viral disease, whereas marburg virus causes the marburg viral disease. Lujo virus disease nipah virus infection marburg virus disease mvd pneumonic plague yersinia pestis severe fever with thrombocytopaenia syndrome sfts severe acute respiratory syndrome sars no cases reported since 2004, but sars remains a noti. Forty years of marburg virus the journal of infectious. Viral hemorrhagic fevers ebola and marburg the center for. Welcome to cdc stacks centers for disease control and. One species has been described, marburg marburgvirus formerly lake victoria marburgvirus, which is represented by two viruses, ravn virus ravv and marburg virus marv. Forty years ago, in early august 1967, the first filovirus ever detected, marburg virus, made its appearance in europe, causing severe and often fatal hemorrhagic fever in laboratory workers in marburg and frankfurt and, about 4 weeks later, in belgrade. Epidemiological and laboratory findings article pdf available in plos neglected tropical diseases 3.
Natural history of aerosol exposure with marburg virus in. After an incubation period of 5 to 10 days, the onset of the disease is sudden and is marked by. Marburgvirus, genus of viruses in family filoviridae, known for causing severe disease in humans and other primates. The windsor file provided definitive evidence of the duke of windsors relationship with highranking nazi officials and increased the suspicion that he was a nazi sympathizer. Marburg virus belongs to the genus marburgvirus in the familyfiloviridae and causes a severe hemorrhagic fever, known as marburg hemorrhagic fever mhf.
Currently, no consensus among filovirus outbreakresponse organisations guides best practice for clinical documentation and data transfer. It is named after a deadly human virus discovered in germany in a research laboratory that housed monkeys. Ebola virus diseaserelated stigma among survivors declined. Uganda has reported five 5 ebola virus disease outbreaks and three 3 marburg virus disease outbreaks from 2000 to 2016. We describe the rapid identification, laboratory diagnosis, and case investigation of the third marburg virus outbreak in uganda.
Nearly all organs were involved and showed severe cell necroses. Marburg virus marv causes marburg virus disease in humans and nonhuman primates, a form of viral hemorrhagic fever. Marburg virus is a singlestranded rna virus genus marburgvirus, family filoviridae that is the etiologic agent of marburg hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates mehedi et al. Ebola and marburg virus disease epidemics preparedness. Ebola characteristics and comparisons to other infectious.
Understanding human filovirus hemorrhagic fever fhf clinical manifestations and evaluating treatment strategies require the collection of clinical data in outbreak settings, where clinical documentation has been limited. Diseases that cause haemorrhagic fevers, such as marburg, are often fatal as they affect the bodys vascular system how blood moves through the body. The analysis uses pooled data from all marburg cases between 1967 and 2008 to develop. Risk factors include exposure to african green monkeys and certain bats. If you have problems viewing pdf files, download the latest version of adobe reader for language access assistance, contact the ncats public information officer genetic and rare diseases information center gard po box 8126, gaithersburg, md 208988126 tollfree. Pathology of marburg virus disease marburg hemorrhagic. The reservoir hunt,14 traditionally infectious disease causes mild or no disease in reservoir species primates succumb to hf after infection no definite reservoir or vector identified epidemic and vector control hampered by lack of clear reservoir animal. Marburg hemorrhagic fever, like ebola hemorrhagic fever, is an emerging disease in subsaharan africa, although marburg virus infection appears to be less common and casefatality rates may be somewhat lower than those for ebola virus infection. Marburg virus marv causes marburg virus disease in humans and nonhuman primates, a form of viral hemorrhagic fever symptoms.
Pdf knowledge and attitude towards ebola and marburg. Key facts for 2017, no cases of ebola virus disease and marburg haemorrhagic fever were reported in the eueea. Marburg virus disease is a severe disease that causes haemorrhagic fever in humans and animals. Four of six known virus species of the ebolavirus genus are known to infect humans and cause ebola virus disease. It is one of the smaller university towns in germany. Pdf clinical aspects of marburg hemorrhagic fever researchgate. Mvd is a viral hemorrhagic fever vhf, and the clinical symptoms are indistinguishable from ebola virus disease evd. Marburg virus disease is caused by viruses that produce symptoms of fever, chills, headaches and muscle aches early in the disease. Despite confirming that queen elizabeth did condemn the duke for the contents of the documents. About marburg virus disease marburg virus is one of 2 viruses belonging to the filovirus family, it causes a severe and fatal haemorrhagic fever called marburg virus disease which is clinically difficult to differentiate from ebola virus disease 3. The virus was accidentally released a few times in commercial software. In this table, provisional cases of notifiable diseases are displayed for united states, u. For 2018, no cases of ebola virus disease or marburg haemorrhagic fever were reported in the eueea.
Introduction marburg virus disease mvd formerly known as marburg hemorrhagic fever was first identified in 1967 during epidemics in marburg and frankfurt in germany and belgrade in the former yugoslavia from importation of infected monkeys from uganda. The marburg virus is transmitted to people from fruit bats and spreads among humans. Causative agent virus virus virus virus virus virus parasite virus virus bacteria virus virus bacteria year first case identified 1976 1989 1981 2009 ancient disease 1969 ancient disease 1967 ancient disease ancient disease ancient disease 2003 ancient disease primary modes of transmission. Ebola virus disease evdrelated stigma was a recognized but poorly understood consequence of ebola outbreaks prior to the 20 index case of evd in guinea. Marburg virus disease spreads among humans by humanto human transmission via direct contact through broken skin or mucous membranes with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected people, and with surfaces and materials e. Author summary marburg virus disease mvd is caused by the virus that belongs to the same family as that of ebola virus disease. The source of infection was not identified, and no secondary cases were identified. Marburg originated in central and east africa, and infects both human and nonhuman primates. Marburg virus disease are now preferred by the world health organization who and some other groups.
The following format can be used to cite this factsheet. Media in category marburg virus disease the following 4 files are in this category, out of 4 total. The largest mvd outbreak on record occurred in uige, angola, in. Members of the family filoviridae can take pleomorphic. The disease was first recognized in 1967 in marburg, germany, and. Outbreaks and other threats on 1 august 2018, the ministry of health of the democratic republic of the congo drc declared the tenth outbreak of ebola virus disease affecting north kivu, south kivu and ituri provinces in the northeast of the. Marburg viruses have been responsible for a number of outbreaks throughout subsaharan africa, as well as a number of laboratory infections.
Methods this report is based on data for 2017 retrieved from the european surveillance system tessy on. The only other member of this class of viruses is ebola virus. The treatment for marburg virus disease involves supportive care. Marburg hemorrhagic fever genetic and rare diseases. Marburg virus disease is an emerging and highly virulent epidemicprone disease associated with high case fatality rates case fatality rate. In september 2014, a single fatal case of marburg virus was identified in a healthcare worker in kampala, uganda. Marburg hemorrhagic fever centers for disease control. Calculation of incubation period and serial interval from. Greifswald, erlangen, jena, and tubingen, as well as the city of gie. Marburg virus disease outbreak in kween district uganda. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Marburg virus disease mvd is a viral infection caused by the marburg virus belonging to the filoviridae family. Thereafter, sporadic cases and outbreaks of mvd have been documented in south africa, kenya, the democratic republic of the.
Isolation of angolalike marburg virus from egyptian rousette. This agent was called the marburg virus since most of the cases had occurred in marburg and the greater part of the laboratory work leading to the detection of the virus was performed in. Facts about bushmeat and ebola html chlorine poisoning. Viral hemorrhagic fever filovirus marburg hemorrhagic fever is a severe viral, zoonotic disease in humans and nonhuman primates. Like ebola, marburg virus is found in africa and rarely infects humans, but can cause outbreaks with high mortality rates roughly 20% to 90% when it does. Caused by a genetically unique zoonotic that is, animalborne rna virus of the filovirus family, its recognition le. Marburg virus disease was first identified in 1967 during epidemics in marburg and frankfurt in germany and belgrade in the former yugoslavia from importation of infected african green monkeys and fruit bats from uganda.
Scientists determined that the causative agent for these outbreaks was a virus similar to marburg, another filovirus. Ebola virus disease, first recognized in 1976 in the democratic republic of the congo, is a serious and often fatal illness in humans and nonhuman primates. A hitherto unknown infectious disease contracted from monkeys. Ebola and marburg fevers european centre for disease. Along with ebola virus, marburg virus causes a severe and highly fatal haemorrhagic fever called marburg virus disease which is clinically almost. Marburg virus induced liver injury retrieved from s. Ebola virus and marburg virus live in animal hosts, and humans can contract the. Marburg virus disease is a zoonotic infection that produces symptoms such as chills, headaches, fever, and muscle aches. Rousettus aegyptiacus, fruit bats of the pteropodidae family, are considered to be natural hosts of marburg virus. The cfe is a specific, replenishable funding mechanism established to provide the resources necessary to rapidly scale up whos initial, acute response to outbreaks and emergencies with health consequences. One of the most shocking pieces of information that came out of the marburg files was the detailed description of germanys plan known as operation willi. Isolation of angolalike marburg virus from egyptian.
Once all of the elements required to create a new marburg virion the virus exits the cell via exocytosis and is then able to infect more of the hosts cells. The largest and deadliest outbreak occurred in angola in 2005, with 252 cases and 227 deaths. Ebola is a retrovirus, having a negativestranded rna. Marburg virus disease, a severe, distinctive, hemorrhagic illness with a high rate of mortality, is heralded early by severe sore throat, a maculopapular rash, and a red exanthem on the hard and soft palate. Marburg virus definition of marburg virus by medical. Ebola belongs to the virus family called filoviridae. August 2016 importance ebolaviruses and marburgviruses are incompletely understood pathogens that. Marburg virus disease an overview sciencedirect topics. The genus marburgvirus is the taxonomic home of marburg marburgvirus, whose members are the two known marburgviruses, marburg virus marv and ravn virus ravv. In 2017, an ebola virus disease outbreak was reported in the. An acute highly fatal disease first described in marburg, germany in 1967. Both are select agents, world health organization risk group 4 pathogens requiring biosafety level 4equivalent.
Pdf 2 pages pdf 2 pages why ebola is not likely to become airborne. Marburg disease the pathology of experimentally infected hamsters. It is a zoonosis an animal disease that can spread to humans believed to be transmitted by african fruit bats rousettus aegyptiacus to humans. Isolated case of marburg virus disease, kampala, uganda, 2014. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 537k. Multidistrict outbreak of marburg virus diseaseuganda, 2012. This is the key difference between ebola and marburg. Clinical documentation and data transfer from ebola and. Barrier and isolation techniques are the best preventive measures for marburg infections. This initial outbreak had a reported casefatality rate of 22%, with seven of 31 infected patients perishing. Health care workers caring for patients with suspected or confirmed marburg virus disease should apply strict infection control precautions. Fortunately, scientists were able to look back and examine the outbreaks by piecing together data from survivors.
Isolated case of marburg virus disease, kampala, uganda. Whos governing body, the world health assembly, established a contingency fund for emergencies cfe, on 26 may 2015. Marburg virus was first recognized in 1967, when outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever occurred simultaneously in laboratories in marburg and frankfurt, germany and in belgrade, yugoslavia now serbia. Marburg virus disease, formerly known as marburg virus hemorrhagic fever, disease caused by infection with a marburg virus, a filovirus that belongs to a family filoviridae of rna viruses that also includes ebola virus. Marburg virus disease uganda, 25 october 2017 uganda. Marburg virus disease mvd is caused by marburg virus marv. The first recognized outbreak of marburg virus disease was reported in 1967 among laboratory workers from germany and yugoslavia who had come into contact with infected nonhuman primate nhp tissues 1,2,3. Viral hemorrhagic fevers, machupo virus to viral hemorrhagic fevers, sabia virus 2019. Morphology, development, and classification of the marburg. An infectious disease transmitted by cercopithecus aethiops. Person to person transmission occurs when coming into contact with the blood and bodily secretions of infected. Factsheets communication resources ebola ebola virus. Despite many years of experience with the viruses, little is known about several important epidemiologic parameters relating to the development of marburg virus disease.
The disease was first discovered in 1967 in marburg and frankfurt, germany, after laboratory workers were infected from monkeys imported from uganda. Pdf knowledge and attitude towards ebola and marburg virus. Ebola virus and marburg virus mayo clinic mayo clinic. Marburg virus mexico pdf ppt case reports symptoms. The virus causes the disease marburg hemorrhagic fever mhf, also referred to as marburg virus disease. They are spread through direct contact with the bodily fluids of a sick person and can cause fever, headache, muscle pain. Pdf marburg virus belongs to the genus marburgvirus in the family. In humans, marburgviruses are responsible for marburg virus disease mvd, a zoonotic disease that is. Marburg virus disease outbreak in kween district uganda, 2017. Pdf marburg virus disease outbreak in kween district uganda. Marburg is the seat of the oldest protestant founded university in the world, the university of marburg philippsuniversitatmarburg, founded in 1527. On morphological criteria it was shown to be a virus with a highly complex structure related to the viruses of vesicular stomatitis and rabies 6, 7.
Both viruses cause marburg virus disease in humans and nonhuman primates, a form of viral hemorrhagic fever. Marburg hemorrhagic fever marburg hf is a rare but severe hemorrhagic fever which affects both humans and nonhuman primates. Marburg virus is a hemorrhagic fever virus of the filoviridae family of viruses and a member of the species marburg marburgvirus, genus marburgvirus. The potential transmission of mvd between the colonies and to humans, as well as the crossborder movement of people between the affected district and kenya, increases the risk of crossborder spread. Centers for disease control and prevention office of public health scientific services ophss center for surveillance, epidemiology, and laboratory services csels.
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